2025-yil, 10-son · 54–60-betlar
Force Majeure and Hardship in Cross-Border Commercial Contracts: A Comparative Legal Analysis of German and Anglo-American Doctrines
Annotatsiya
Mazkur maqola xalqaro tijorat shartnomalarida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan kutilmagan holatlar – fors-major va qiyinchiliklar (hardship) tushunchalarining huquqiy tartibga solinishiga bag‘ishlangan. Muallif Germaniya fuqarolik qonunining §275 va §313-moddalari orqali shartnomaning adolatli qayta ko‘rib chiqilishi imkoniyati mavjudligini ko‘rsatadi, bu anglo-amerika huquq tizimida (AQSh va Buyuk Britaniya) mavjud bo‘lmagan yondashuvdir. Angliya va AQSH huquqi shartnomaviy majburiyatlarni uzrli holatlarda bajarmaslikni cheklangan hollardagina tan oladi, bunda asosiy e’tibor shartnoma erkinligi va aniqlikka qaratilgan. Shu bilan birga, maqolada fors-major va qiyin ahvol tushunchalarining amaliy va nazariy farqlari, hamda huquqni tanlashning shartnoma riski va majburiyatlarga ta’siri chuqur tahlil qilingan.
Abstract
This article examines the legal treatment of unforeseen events – force majeure and hardship – in international commercial contracts. The author contrasts the German Civil Code's §§275 and 313, which permit judicial adaptation or termination of contracts when circumstances have fundamentally changed, with the stricter doctrines of Anglo-American systems (UK and US), which provide relief only under narrow grounds such as frustration or impracticability, and typically require explicit clauses. The article highlights the theoretical and practical distinctions between force majeure and hardship, and analyzes how the choice of governing law affects risk allocation and contractual remedies in cross-border agreements.
Iqtibos uchun
Davronbek Abdugaffarov. Force Majeure and Hardship in Cross-Border Commercial Contracts: A Comparative Legal Analysis of German and Anglo-American Doctrines // Adolat. – 2025. – № 10. – С. 54–60.