2026-yil, 7-son · 187–198-betlar
Conflict of laws issues in damage caused by artificial intelligence systems: problems of determining the applicable law
Annotatsiya
Ushbu maqolada sun’iy intellekt (SI) tizimlarining ishlashi natijasida yetkazilgan zarar bo‘yicha xalqaro xususiy huquq (kollizion huquq) doirasida yuzaga keladigan muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Maqola uchta asosiy yo‘nalishga qaratilgan: birinchisi, SI tomonidan yetkazilgan zarar uchun qo‘llaniladigan delikt huquqini aniqlash muammosi; ikkinchisi, ko‘p subyektli (ishlab chiqaruvchi, distributor, foydalanuvchi) javobgarlik zanjirida qonun tanlash masalalari; uchinchisi esa raqamli muhitda “zarar yetkazilgan joy” tushunchasining noaniqligidir. Tahlil Rim II Reglamenti (EC No 864/2007), Yevropa Ittifoqining yangi Mahsulot uchun javobgarlik to‘g‘risidagi (EU) 2024/2853 sonli Direktivasi hamda 2022-yilda taklif etilgan va 2025-yilda rasman bekor qilingan Sun’iy intellekt bo‘yicha javobgarlik to‘g‘risidagi Direktiva (AILD) asosida amalga oshiriladi. Yevropa Ittifoqi huquqi bilan bir qatorda, maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasining kollizion huquq normalari (Fuqarolik kodeksining 1158, 1194 va 1195 moddalari) qiyosiy tarzda o‘rganiladi, buning maqsadi maqolaning de lege ferenda takliflarini xorijiy emas, balki milliy huquqiy tizimga asoslashdir. Muallif ushbu mavzu bo‘yicha amaliyotda deyarli sud amaliyoti mavjud emasligini, faqat doktrinal takliflar borligini alohida ta’kidlaydi.
Abstract
This article analyzes the problems arising within the framework of private international law (conflict of laws) concerning damage caused by the operation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The article focuses on three main areas: first, the problem of determining the applicable tort law for damage caused by AI; second, issues of choice of law in a multi-subject (manufacturer, distributor, user) liability chain; and third, the ambiguity of the "place where the damage occurred" concept in the digital environment. The analysis is based on the Rome II Regulation (EC No 864/2007), the new EU Product Liability Directive (EU) 2024/2853, and the AI Liability Directive (AILD), which was proposed in 2022 and officially withdrawn in 2025. Alongside the EU framework, the article also examines, comparatively, the conflict-of-laws rules of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Articles 1158, 1194 and 1195 of the Civil Code), in order to ground the article's de lege ferenda proposals in the national legal system rather than in a foreign one. The author specifically emphasizes that there is almost no established case law on this topic; instead, only doctrinal proposals exist.
Iqtibos uchun
Nilufar Rakhmonkulova. Conflict of laws issues in damage caused by artificial intelligence systems: problems of determining the applicable law // Adolat. – 2026. – № 7. – С. 187–198.