2026-yil, 10-son · 91–97-betlar
DNK ekspertizasi uchun biologik materiallarni yig‘ish to‘g‘risidagi qonunchilikning qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlili
Annotatsiya
Maqolada Germaniya, Buyuk Britaniya, AQSh, Fransiya, Kanada, Avstraliya, Qozog‘iston, Rossiya va O‘zbekistonning molekulyar-genetik ekspertiza uchun biologik namunalar olish hamda ularni DNK ma’lumotlar bazalarida foydalanishni tartibga soluvchi qonunchiligi qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotning maqsadi — huquqiy tartibga solishning umumiy modellarini aniqlash va O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligini takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlarini belgilashdan iborat. Qiyosiy-huquqiy va formal-yuridik usullar, Inson huquqlari bo‘yicha Yevropa sudi va AQSh Oliy sudi amaliyoti hamda rasmiy statistik ma’lumotlar tahlilidan foydalanildi. Namunalar olinishi ustidan nazoratning to‘rt modeli ajratildi: sud modeli, politsiya-ma’muriy model, hibsga olishda namuna olish modeli va tergov modeli. Huquqiy rejimlarni qiyoslash uchun olti mezon taklif etildi. O‘zbekistonda «Davlat genomik ro‘yxatga olish to‘g‘risida»gi Qonun amal qilishi va JPKda biologik namunalar olishning asosiy qoidalari mavjudligi, biroq namunalarni majburan olish ustidan sud nazorati, kontaminatsiyaning oldini olish va saqlanish zanjiriga oid talablar nazarda tutilmagani, jinoyat ishi qo‘zg‘atilgunga qadar namunalar olishga yo‘l qo‘yilmasligi hamda biologik ob’ektlarni olish, qadoqlash va saqlashning texnik standarti mavjud emasligi aniqlandi. JPK normalarini, profillarni saqlash muddatlarini va saqlanish zanjiriga oid talablarni aniqlashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqildi.
Abstract
The article presents a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Canada, Australia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Uzbekistan governing the collection of biological samples for forensic DNA examination and their use in DNA databases. The aim is to identify common models of legal regulation and to determine how the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan could be improved. The study applies comparative and doctrinal legal methods and analyses the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the US Supreme Court as well as official statistics. Four models of control over sample collection are distinguished: judicial, police-administrative, collection on arrest, and investigative. Six criteria for comparing legal regimes are proposed. The study finds that Uzbekistan has a Law “On State Genomic Registration” and that its Criminal Procedure Code contains basic rules on obtaining biological samples; however, the Code provides no judicial control over compulsory sampling and no requirements on contamination prevention or chain of custody, and does not allow samples to be obtained before a criminal case is opened, while there is no technical standard for the collection, packaging and storage of biological evidence. Proposals are made to specify the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, profile retention periods and chain-of-custody requirements.
Iqtibos uchun
Niyyora Saitova. DNK ekspertizasi uchun biologik materiallarni yig‘ish to‘g‘risidagi qonunchilikning qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlili // Adolat. – 2026. – № 10. – С. 91–97.