2026-yil, 10-son · 138–148-betlar
Diskretsion (ixtiyoriy) vakolatlarni qo‘llash chegaralari va standartlari: qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlil va milliy qonunchilikni rivojlantirish istiqbollari
Annotatsiya
Ushbu tadqiqot ma’muriy huquqda diskretsiya institutining nazariy-huquqiy asoslari, qonunchilikda ifodalanishi hamda ularni amalga oshirish va nazorat qilish mexanizmlarini kompleks tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Manbalar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatadiki, diskretsiya ma’muriy organga qonunda belgilangan doirada va vakolat maqsadiga muvofiq ravishda bir nechta qonuniy qaror variantlaridan birini tanlash erkinligini beradi. Maqolada xalqaro standartlar hamda Germaniya, Latviya, Gruziya, Ozarbayjon, Qirg‘iziston, Qozog‘iston, Armaniston va Ukraina qonunchiligida qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlil qilinadi. Ularda diskretsion vakolatlarni amalga oshirishda qonuniylik, mutanosiblik, tenglik, maqsadga muvofiqlik va tinglanish prinsiplariga amal qilish majburiyligi belgilangan. Davlat organining diskretsion aktlari u tanlagan sabab va motivlar ko‘rsatilgan holda yozma ravishda asoslanishi shart. Shu bilan birga, diskretsiyaning asossiz kengayishi korrupsiyaviy xavflarni keltirib chiqarishi ta’kidlanib, ularni kamaytirish uchun protsedurani va qaror qabul qilish muddatlarini aniq belgilash hamda ochiq tanlov mexanizmlarini joriy etish tavsiya qilinadi. O‘zbekiston ma’muriy sud amaliyoti tahlili esa diskretsion vakolatning qonuniyligi va mutanosiblik testini baholashda haligacha ayrim muammolar mavjudligini ko‘rsatadi. Xulosa o‘rnida, diskretsion vakolatlarni to‘g‘ri qo‘llash va ularni huquqiy tartibga solish fuqarolarning huquq va erkinliklarini samarali himoya qilish hamda ma’muriy organlar faoliyatida shaffoflikni ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi. Xulosada milliy qonunchilikni takomillashtirish bo ‘ yicha taklif va tavsiyalar berilgan.
Abstract
This research is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and legal foundations of the institution of discretion in administrative law, its reflection in legislation, as well as the mechanisms of its implementation and control. The analysis of sources shows that discretion grants an administrative body the freedom to choose one of several lawful decision options within the limits established by law and in accordance with the purpose of the authority. The article conducts a comparative legal analysis of international standards, as well as the legislation of Germany, Latvia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Ukraine. They establish the mandatory observance of the principles of legality, proportionality, equality, expediency, and the right to be heard when exercising discretionary powers. Discretionary acts of a state body must be justified in writing, specifying the reasons and motives for the choice made. At the same time, it is emphasized that the unjustified expansion of discretion creates corruption risks, and to mitigate them, it is recommended to clearly define procedures and decision-making timeframes, as well as to introduce transparent competitive mechanisms. In turn, the analysis of the administrative court practice of Uzbekistan shows that there are still certain problems in evaluating the legality of discretionary powers and applying the proportionality test. In conclusion, the correct application of discretionary powers and their legal regulation serve to effectively protect the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as to ensure transparency in the activities of administrative bodies. The conclusion provides proposals and recommendations for improving national legislation.
Iqtibos uchun
Sevara Miraliyeva. Diskretsion (ixtiyoriy) vakolatlarni qo‘llash chegaralari va standartlari: qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlil va milliy qonunchilikni rivojlantirish istiqbollari // Adolat. – 2026. – № 10. – С. 138–148.